kingdom of laos

There is limited external and internal telecommunication, but mobile phones have become widespread. It briefly gained independence in 1945 after Japanese occupation but was re-colonised by France until it won autonomy in 1949. A new constitution was adopted in 1991 and enshrined a "leading role" for the LPRP. The rebellion failed, and Vientiane was ransacked. )arable land: 6.2% (2018 est. (approximately $120 million)0.2% of GDP (2018 est.) More than 540 mineral deposits of gold, copper, zinc, lead and other minerals have been identified, explored and mined. [65] Provinces are further divided into districts (muang) and then villages (ban). However, the latter is considered pejorative, meaning 'slave'. This includes decreasing the environmental and cultural impact of tourism; increasing awareness in the importance of ethnic groups and biological diversity; providing a source of income to conserve, sustain and manage the Lao protected area network and cultural heritage sites; and emphasizing the need for tourism zoning and management plans for sites that will be developed as ecotourism destinations.[137]. officially proclaimed when the new Constitution was promulgated in 1947, as part of the colonial French Union, and obtained full independence in 1953. French is also used in public works in central and southern Laos and Luang Prabang and is a language of diplomacy and of the elite classes, higher professions and elders. note: data are in current year dollars$7.518 billion (2019 est. Nevertheless, Laos remains a country with an underdeveloped infrastructure, particularly in rural areas. )0.85% (2019 est. [164] One of the first commercial feature-length films was Sabaidee Luang Prabang, made in 2008. After the Vietnam War ended in 1975, the communist Pathet Lao came to power, ending the civil war. [34], Chao Anouvong was installed as a vassal king of Vientiane by the Siamese. Din vin: Kanna Hashimoto Kento Yamazaki Ryo Yoshizawa. WebThe Kingdom of Laoswas officially proclaimed when the new Constitution was promulgated in 1947, as part of the colonial French Union, and obtained full independence in 1953. The Franco-Siamese Treaty of 1907 defined the current Lao border with Thailand. Theravada Buddhism has coexisted peacefully since its introduction to the country with the local polytheism. )geothermal: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. )services: 45.9% (2017 est. Five of them were arrested and subsequently sentenced to up to 10 years imprisonment on charges of treason. "[81] Republicans called several Congressional hearings on alleged persecution of the Hmong in Laos in an apparent attempt to generate further support for their opposition to the Hmong's repatriation to Laos. Archaeological evidence suggests an agriculturi A s we continue our 2023 Awards coverage, today we are talking to the sound team behind another film on the Best Sound Academy Awards shortlist Avatar: The Way of Water.. ), total population: 68.15 yearsmale: 66.49 yearsfemale: 69.88 years (2022 est. Laos is a member of the Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement, the ASEAN, East Asia Summit, and La Francophonie. As a low-income country, Laos faces a brain-drain problem as many educated people migrate to developed countries. [167] One production company's film that has succeeded to produce Lao feature films and gain international recognition is Lao New Wave Cinema's At the Horizon, directed by Anysay Keola, that was screened at the OzAsia Film Festival[168] and Lao Art Media's Chanthaly (Lao: ) directed by Mattie Do, which was screened at the 2013 Fantastic Fest. Lao (official), French, English, various ethnic languagesmajor-language sample(s): (Lao)The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. When he died without an heir, the kingdom split into three principalities. At the heart of the Indochinese Peninsula, Laos is bordered by Myanmar and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the southeast, and Thailand to the west and southwest. Usually called Laos . Additionally, many elite and French-educated Lao immigrated to nations such as the United States and France to escape government persecution. note: data are in current year dollars$6.461 billion (2020 est.) )percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 10% (2015 est. Laos has the youngest population of any country in Asia with a median age of 21.6 years. Have one to sell? [149], Hill people and minority cultures of Laos such as the Hmong, Yao (Mien) (Hmong-Mien), Dao, Shan, and several Tibeto-Burman speaking peoples have lived in isolated regions of Laos for many years. [123] Approximately 77% of Lao farm households are self-sufficient in rice. [69] Trade relations with the United States were normalised in November 2004 through Congress approved legislation. [53] In 1979, there were 50,000 PAVN troops stationed in Laos and as many as 6,000 civilian Vietnamese officials including 1,000 directly attached to the ministries in Vientiane. [178] Polygamy, however, is still customary among some Hmong people. Gunderson, Steve (18 May 1996) "State Department Outlines Resettlement Guidelines for Hmong Refugees". Settathirath disappeared in the mountains on his way back from a military expedition into Cambodia, and Lan Xang fell into more than seventy years of instability, involving both Burmese invasion and civil war. Its thickly forested landscape consists mostly of rugged mountains, the highest of which is Phou Bia at 2,818 metres (9,245ft), with some plains and plateaus. Influences: 12 Oct. 1945 - 24 Apr. WebFor the history of Laos under the joint Franco-Japanese protectorate, see Laos (Indochinese Union). [152], Sixty-six percent of Laotians were Theravada Buddhist, 1.5 percent Christian, 0.1 percent Muslim, 0.1 percent Jewish, and 32.3 percent were other or traditional (mostly practitioners of Satsana Phi) in 2010. [166], Australian filmmaker Kim Mordount's first feature film was made in Laos and features a Laotian cast speaking their native language. In 1960, amidst a series of rebellions in the Kingdom of Laos, fighting broke out between the Royal Lao Army (RLA) and the communist North Vietnamese and Soviet Union-backed Pathet Lao guerillas. Under the plan, refugee status was evaluated through a screening process. [58] Laos had a 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 5.59/10, ranking it 98th globally out of 172 countries. [81] Debate on the issue escalated quickly. Although some accusations of forced repatriation were denied,[82] thousands of Hmong people refused to return to Laos. The Lao National Tourism Administration, related government agencies and the private sector are working together to realise the vision put forth in the country's National Ecotourism Strategy and Action Plan. )expenditures: 4.038 billion (2017 est. Southeastern Asia, northeast of Thailand, west of Vietnam, total: 236,800 sq kmland: 230,800 sq kmwater: 6,000 sq km, about twice the size of Pennsylvania; slightly larger than Utah, total: 5,274 kmborder countries (5): Burma 238 km; Cambodia 555 km; China 475 km; Thailand 1,845 km; Vietnam 2,161 km, tropical monsoon; rainy season (May to November); dry season (December to April), mostly rugged mountains; some plains and plateaus, highest point: Phu Bia 2,817 mlowest point: Mekong River 70 mmean elevation: 710 m, timber, hydropower, gypsum, tin, gold, gemstones, agricultural land: 10.6% (2018 est. Get the item you ordered or get your money back. English, the language of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), has become increasingly studied in recent years. On September 1, 1945, the Kingdom of Laos was confirmed [2] as The government of Laos, one of the few remaining one-party communist states, began decentralizing control and encouraging private enterprise in 1986. There are many traditions and rituals associated with rice production in different environments and among many ethnic groups. ), $446.572 million (2021 est. [97] The organisation also raised concerns in relation to freedom of expression, poor prison conditions, restrictions on freedom of religions, protection of refugees and asylum-seekers, and the death penalty. [25] Stone artefacts including Hoabinhian types have been found at sites dating to the Late Pleistocene in northern Laos. The only legal political party is the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (LPRP). Bounchao Pichit, "Laos Cinema," in David Hanan, ed., General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, Politburo of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, Central Committee of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, "Results of Population and Housing Census 2015", "Lao People's Democratic Republic's Constitution of 1991 with Amendments through 2003", https://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2012/12/globalReligion-tables.pdf, "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2022", "Lao People's Democratic Republic and the WTO", "China train project runs roughshod over Laos", "Laos approves Xayaburi 'mega' dam on Mekong", "Laos Securities Exchange to start trading", "10 Things You Need to Know Before Visiting Laos", "Anatomically modern human in Southeast Asia (Laos) by 46 ka", "Archaeological Investigations in northern Laos: New contributions to Southeast Asian prehistory", "History and Practice of Archaeology in Laos", Pittayaporn, Pittayawat (2014). [66][67] The incumbent head of government is Prime Minister Sonexay Siphandone. Fitch rating: CCC (2020)Moody's rating: Caa2 (2020)note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained. ", "Evaluation Synthesis of Rice in Lao PDR", "Starting an Asian Cinema: Laos Past and Present", "Good Good Morning, Luang Prabang and hello to Laos's film industry", "Q&A with director Kim Mordaunt (The Rocket)", "A tale of revenge in Laos challenges censors", "Fantastic Fest 2013 Review: Chanthaly is A Haunting Portrait of Modern Day Laos", "Laos Selects 'Dearest Sister' as First Foreign-Language Oscar Submission", "Cannes: Southeast Asia Is Ready for Its Big-Screen Close-up", "Laos: Crony scheme in control of press and civil society", "Social Discrimination in the Lao People's Democratic Republic", "Muay Lao, the forgotten art of kickboxing", "Laos Stumbles on Path to Sporting Glory", Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), ASEANRepublic of Korea Commemorative Summit, Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia, Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, ASEANAustralia Development Cooperation Program, Outstanding Scientist and Technologist Award, Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, Assemble parlementaire de la Francophonie, Agence de Coopration Culturelle et Technique, Prix des cinq continents de la francophonie, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laos&oldid=1133062203, French-speaking countries and territories, Member states of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, States and territories established in 1949, All articles with bare URLs for citations, Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022, Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations, Articles with failed verification from January 2021, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2022, Articles containing potentially dated statements from March 2021, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2011, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2021, Pages using Sister project links with wikidata mismatch, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 12 January 2023, at 03:25. )imports: 18,000 metric tons (2020 est. At the same time, Laos has expanded its economic reliance on the West and other Asian countries, such as Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, and Thailand. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 56 (2020 est. [104], In October 1999, 30 young people were arrested for attempting to display posters calling for peaceful economic, political and social change in Laos. "Laos agrees to voluntary repatriation of refugees in Thailand", U.P.I., 5 June 1991. [49] Due to the particularly heavy impact of cluster bombs during this war, Laos was a strong advocate of the Convention on Cluster Munitions to ban the weapons and was host to the First Meeting of States Parties to the convention in November 2010. A gradual, limited return to private enterprise and the liberalization of foreign investment laws began in 1988. Present-day Laos traces its historic and cultural identity to Lan Xang, which existed from the 13th century to the 18th century as one of the largest kingdoms in Southeast Asia. Major festivals include Lao New Year celebrated around 1315 April and involves a water festival similar but more subdued than that of Thailand and other Southeast Asian countries. History [edit | edit source] The Lao Kingdom With the end of isolationism in the early 1990s however, the French language rebounded, thanks to the establishment of French, Swiss and Canadian relations and opening of French-language centers in central Laos. Quc gia: Nht Bn. Education Level. [citation needed]. Amnesty International raised concerns about the ratification record of the Lao government on human rights standards and its lack of co-operation with the UN human rights mechanisms and legislative measuresboth impact negatively upon human rights. )-$230.973 million (2020 est. )exports: 24.114 billion kWh (2019 est. country in Southeast Asia (official name) enwiktionary-2017-09 Words Starting With K KI KIN Words Ending With S OS AOS Choose your favorite kingdom of laos designs and purchase them as wall art, home decor, phone cases, tote bags, and more! WikiMatrix In spite of war in this tiny landlocked kingdom of Laos, the angel flying in midheaven keeps the door open for the message of the Kingdom to be sounded. For 300 years Lan Xang had influence reaching into present-day Cambodia and Thailand, as well as over all of what is now Laos. However, only slightly more than half of the population speaks Lao natively. Wiktionary Advertisement Find Similar Words Find similar words to kingdom-of-laos using the buttons below. ), production: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. (2022)domestic: fixed-line nearly 20 per 100 and 56 per 100 for mobile-cellular subscriptions (2020)international: country code - 856; satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region) and a second to be developed by Chinanote: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services, 6 TV stations operating out of Vientiane - 3 government-operated and the others commercial; 17 provincial stations operating with nearly all programming relayed via satellite from the government-operated stations in Vientiane; Chinese and Vietnamese programming relayed via satellite from Lao National TV; broadcasts available from stations in Thailand and Vietnam in border areas; multi-channel satellite and cable TV systems provide access to a wide range of foreign stations; state-controlled radio with state-operated Lao National Radio (LNR) broadcasting on 5 frequencies - 1 AM, 1 SW, and 3 FM; LNR's AM and FM programs are relayed via satellite constituting a large part of the programming schedules of the provincial radio stations; Thai radio broadcasts available in border areas and transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are also accessible, total: 2,473,689 (2020 est. 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