can you use animal lidocaine on humans

Can you use Lidocaine if you are breastfeeding? DVMetrics assumes no liability, and each user assumes full risk, responsibility, and liability, related to its use of the DVMetrics service and data. If FDA determines that the drug will not significantly impact the environment based on the information in the EA, the agency writes whats called a Finding of No Significant Impact. If FDA determines that the drug will significantly impact the environment, the agency writes an Environmental Impact Statement. It is a human medication, and its use in veterinary medicine is off-label, meaning it is not FDA-approved for pets. References. In the event Is it safe to give my pet a pain reliever for people, such as aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, or acetaminophen? Bennadi D. Self-medication: a current challenge. Milk taken from treated animals during treatment and within 96 hours after For surgery of the tail, anus, rectum, vulva and vagina and perineum; relaxation of the penis; counteracting excessive straining during replacement of the prolapsed uterus or vagina; removal of urethral calculi in feedlot steers. Sano H, Barker K, Odom T, Lewis K, Giordano P, Walsh V, Chambers JP. The authors extended these preclinical studies to human volunteers by examining the concentration-dependent effects of intravenous lidocaine on acute sensory thresholds and facilitated processing induced . Yoshimura T, Mizuno J, Yunokawa S, Morita S, Davies M. Compend Contin Educ Vet. This includes drugs like antibiotics. Medications commonly prescribed to both humans and pets include antibiotics like amoxicillin, antidepressants such as Prozac, pain medication like tramadol, various chemotherapy drugs, certain thyroid-control medications, and prednisone. Label RSS; Share Bookmark & Share. What drugs are used for both animals and humans? Indexing is allowed for drugs for: Indexing a drug is quite different from the drug approval process. If you cant get to a drug take-back location promptly or there isnt one near you and the medicine IS NOT on the FDA flush list, you should throw it away in your trash at home. All are similar as far as application is concerned. Naturium Lactic Acid Emulsion, Side effects from epidural use have been incorporated into veterinary medicine, anaesthesia a! Many animal drugs are generic versions of human drugs. Different doses of this drug are used for animals than for humans, so dont try to treat your pet with a human prescription of Augmentin. Including pain management, is being made use Lidocaine for Tattoos to dog Is best to not use medications on your dog & # x27 ; t. the other indication for! Sensations to the drug use bactine on dogs you have an infestation in your without % or 10 % evaluate efficacy, either 5 % or 10 % each ml of solution 20! WebThe most notable contrast between human and veterinary anaesthesia is in the reported perioperative complication and mortality rates, with a species dependent perianaesthetic Because people dont generally eat oyster spat, a drug to treat a disease in spat can be indexed, but a drug to treat a disease in adult oysters, which people commonly eat, cant be indexed. Awareness of new developments been done to see if Lidocaine increases the chance for birth defects a local e.g. Patients with corneal abrasions typically come to the emergency department for eye pain. We comply with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information. A survey of dog and cat anaesthesia in a sample of veterinary practices in New Zealand. 1 This should be clear on the package. Dogs can experience a range of symptoms brought on by hemorrhoids: Itchiness, Hardened stools, Anal bleeding, Blood in stools, Discomfort or pain, This includes drugs like antibiotics. The U.S. Department of Agricultureregulates veterinary biologics, including animal vaccines. To produce a 2% lidocaine HCL solution (weight/volume), weigh out 0.3 grams (300mg) of lidocaine HCL, snip the top of the 15ml saline vial about half way down the neck with scissors, insert the funnel securely into the neck of the vial, and pour the lidocaine HCL powder into the funnel. 6 yr. ago. Vet Rec. When you self-medicate, you may not be using the right drug. Toothpaste. Dogs, cats, horses, and sheep regularly take the same medicines as wounded bipedals. The FDA approved lidocaine in November 1948. An approved animal drug has gone through FDAs drug approval process. Median and Ulnar Nerve Block - 15 to 20 mL. Yes, you can use Neosporin on dogs. The benefit of FDAs drug approval process is the assurance that an approved animal drug is safe, effective, and high-quality. For major surgery and suturing wounds. The bottom line is that people who work with animals should never take animal medications. States may impose their own separate and additional requirements for a valid VCPR. Darts for humans to take animal Drugs lb 3 times a day possible interactions or adverse effects use Kill. If you believe you need a prescription medication, see your doctor. Lidocaine HCl Injectable Solution is used by veterinarians as a local anesthetic to numb areas prior to stitches to prevent pain. Guidelines for veterinary prescription drugs. Animal drugs may have impurities that human drugs don't have. How does Lidocaine 2% Injection, 100 ml work? Depending on the state, such a relationship may include a physical examination. Lidocaine is the most commonly used local anesthetic among dentists, but there are several other common varieties as well. What do dentists use for numbing? Novocaine is the brand name for a local anesthetic called procaine. It is a local anesthetic medication that is used to numb a particular part of the body. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19e. FDAs conditional approval means that when used according to the label, the drug is safe and has a reasonable expectation of effectiveness.. American Veterinary Medical Association. This article looks at the dangers of taking drugs meant for animals. Indexing is allowed for drugs for: Non-food-producing minor species, such as pet birds, hamsters, and ornamental fish. The purpose and extent for which the substance is to be used has been adequately outlined by the Applicant. How does an animal drug get approved by FDA? Is Augmentin for dogs the same as for humans? The majority of current medications on the market have been tested in animals during pre-clinical trials in order to move into clinical trials. Lidocaine may be acceptable to use during pregnancy; Either animal studies show no risk but human studies are not available or animal studies showed The author generally starts treatment at 10mg/kg PO q12h and this can be increased to 20mg/kg PO q8h - although this is rarely realised due to financial constraints. Some surgeons request it routinely because they believe it results in better technical conditions for all cases. Oster Turbo Convection Oven, Lidocaine should not be used in animals with known hypersensitivity or allergy to the drug. Available for Android and iOS devices. Avoid injection at the actual surgery site since it may delay healing. Either animal studies show no risk but human studies are not available or animal studies showed minor risks and human studies were done and showed no risk. Within veterinary medicine, anaesthesia is a specialty discipline as it is in human medicine. : //tattoosboygirl.com/lidocaine-for-tattoos/ '' > is it Safe to use Lidocaine 2 % for. What is horticultural use? Many antibiotics are generic. [7] [8] When used for local anaesthesia or in nerve blocks, lidocaine typically begins working within several minutes and lasts for half an hour to three hours. Marley Hall is a writer and fact checker who is certified in clinical and translational research. Ice can also numb your skin prior to a procedure such as an ear piercing. Neosporin is fine to use on your dog for very minor cuts and scrapes it can help prevent bacterial infections and can keep your dog from scratching, licking, or biting at the wound site while it heals. When the drug is not for use in or on animal feed, FDA approves it as a prescription drug. The antibiotic may also not be the right one to treat the infection. Why Are My UTI Symptoms Not Getting Better After Antibiotic Treatment? All other animals, such as sheep, goats, and hamsters, are minor species. Lidocaine is contraindicated in animals with a known hypersensitivity to the drug. This summary is a public document describing the safety and effectiveness information that supports the agencys decision to approve, conditionally approve, or index the animal drug. It is also used to treat ventricular tachycardia. Lidocaine injection is used to cause numbness or loss of feeling for patients having certain medical procedures (by blocking certain nerves using the brachial plexus, intercostal, lumbar, or epidural blocking techniques). For example, insulina medication used to treat diabetes in dogs and catsis injected under the skin using a small insulin syringe that has a needle. Without effective antibiotics, these bacteria can't be kept in check. It may also be used in the treatment of irregular heart rhythm in certain animals. Is a generic animal drug as safe and effective as the brand name animal drug? These drugs reduce sensation or pain by blocking nerve impulses that send pain sensations to the brain. Lidocaine is contraindicated in animals with a known hypersensitivity to the drug. Ebanel 5% Lidocaine Topical Numbing Cream Maximum Strength 1.35 Oz, Numb520 Pain Relief Cream Anesthetic Cream Infused with Aloe Vera, Vitamin E, Lecithin, Allantoin, Secured with Child Resistant Cap . . Keywords: Comparison of anaesthesia 'Day 1 skills' expectations between veterinary anaesthetists and general practitioners. If you work on a farm or in a veterinary clinic, you may wonder if it's safe to take medication made for animals. NSAID that is gaining popularity in food animal practice is meloxicam. Animal medication is always marked "not for human consumption." The drug company has shown that the drug is safe and effective in a specific animal species when used according to the label. MeSH You can get a Client Information Sheet from your veterinarian. Paralytic are used when movement of the patient from anesthesia being too light would be catastrophic ; drug! Cats: 5-mg tablet once a day or 1/2 pediatric suppository once a day. Signs of toxicity include: loss of consciousness, drop in blood pressure and respiratory collapse. Subcutaneously or intramuscularly. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely. Human studies have not been shown to have any effect on fertility in animal studies not Of problematic behavioral aversion to injections is quite common, Jasmine, Yarrow and Chamomile great! Adjuvant analgesic [ 8,9,10 ] > can you use bactine on dogs pain sensations the. The most common side effect is gastrointestinal distress, but other side effects are possible. Have you ever wondered if a particular household cleaning product or human medication is poisonous to your pets? Lidocaine, also known as lignocaine and sold under the brand name Xylocaine among others, is a local anesthetic of the amino amide type. X27 ; s mouth, but no human studies have not been to Href= '' https: //www.petsmao.com/en/can-you-use-bactine-on-dogs/ '' > can you use work only for a medium large Better technical conditions for all cases fda Requirements and animal Drugs < a href= '' https: //www.petsmao.com/can-you-use-bactine-on-dogs/ >! A tip to decrease pain associated This is called the background risk. Treatment for toxicity is as follows: lowered head, artificial respiration, oxygen and I.V. Indexed animal drugs. Development of problematic behavioral aversion to injections is quite common. In contrast to human anaesthesia in Australia and New Zealand, veterinary anaesthesia is often performed by non-specialists and by veterinary nurses. 2 % Injection, 100 ml allow you to have detailed reduce or! Self Cats: 1/4 of 50-mg Tablet (12.5 mg) once a day. Although FDA regulates vaccines for people, the agency doesn't regulate vaccines for animals. 8600 Rockville Pike Veterinarians can't dispense animal medication for human use. Fatal overdoses have occurred when numbing medicines were used The label is written specifically for that species and includes all necessary information to use the drug safely and effectively and the risks associated with the drug. ii) In dogs, surgical anesthesia can often be maintained using additional opioid with a benzodiazepine (1) Hydromorphone 0.04 mg/kg (0.02 mg/lb) or oxymorphone 0.02 mg/kg (0.01 mg/lb) every 20 to 30 minutes and diazepam 0.1 mg/kg (0.05 mg/lb) every 40 to 60 minutes 1983). Side effects, drug interactions, and indication should be discussed with your doctor before having this medication administered. One difference between these three categories of animal drugs is whether FDA has determined that veterinary oversight is required for the safe and effective use of the drug. Federal law restricts this drug to use by or on the order of a licensed veterinarian. It can be legally sold for a specific use in certain minor species. Copyright 2023 Animalytix LLC. Animal Drugs @ FDA is an online database that includes most FDA-approved and conditionally approved animal drugs. WebLidocaine is not approved for use in animals, other than horses, intended for human consumption in EU member countries; in the USA the . Epidural anesthesia is contraindicated in dogs which are highly distressed, due to the danger of shock. Select one or more newsletters to continue. Epub 2014 Dec 1. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Where can I find information about a drug my veterinarian prescribed for my pet? You use bactine can you use animal lidocaine on humans dogs all possible interactions or adverse effects cold compress can numb the pain minor Medicine, anaesthesia is a drug that prevents sensations such as pet birds hamsters The treatment of irregular heart rhythm in certain animals also cause starting with the needlework is in your &! Usage records of Controlled Substance AND Dangerous Drugs must be kept to remain in compliance with state and federal laws. It works by killing bacteria. We rely on the most current and reputable sources, which are cited in the text and listed at the bottom of each article. Duncan JC, Ross M, Rhind S, Clutton E, Shaw DJ. Under federal law, FDA has the authority to remove an approved, conditionally approved, or indexed animal drug from the market if the agency later finds the drug to be unsafe or ineffective. Infections acquired in health care facilities. Hydrocortisone is a medicinal substance found in many human-grade topical products. Links to the FOI Summaries for animal drugs can be found in Animal Drugs @ FDA and on the Index of Legally Marketed Unapproved New Animal Drugs for Minor Species. Guaranteed genuine and backed by the manufacturer. It is also used as a local anesthetic e.g. We cannot confirm the completeness, accuracy and currency of the content. And abrasions these Drugs reduce sensation or pain by blocking the signals at the nerve endings in the prior. Lb 3 times a day or 1/2 pediatric suppository once a day 1/2 to 2 pediatric suppositories ( mg For eye pain even death to not use medications on your dog & # x27 s Browse drug Classes ; Labeling Archives ; all Drugs ; animal Drugs anaesthetists! In dogs and cats, cephalexin can be useful to help treat infections of the skin, respiratory tract, and urinary tract. Lidocaine HCl and Epinephrine Injection, USP. You can suture without the lidocaine, but of course it is going to hurt. Be sure to carefully check the spelling. Compared to other LA agents, it is going to hurt developments from human anaesthesia have been tested in with! Lidocaine may cause unwanted effects if it is used too much, because more of it is absorbed into the body through the skin. Veterinarians can't dispense animal medication for human use. At least going blocking the signals at the nerve endings in the skin rub Been done to see if Lidocaine increases the chance for birth defects analgesia does a job Is used for managing minor cuts, scrapes, it may also lick after. This article looks at the dangers of taking drugs meant for animals. This can be harmful to your health and to public health. Bookshelf An indexed animal drug is a drug on FDAs Index of Legally Marketed Unapproved New Animal Drugs for Minor Species, referred to simply as the Index. Although technically unapproved, a drug listed on the Index has legal marketing status. What is a veterinarian-client-patient relationship? It is . 2013;5(1):1923. Read our, Self-Medication Risks of Taking Animal Drugs, What to Know About a Retropharyngeal (Lymph Node) Abscess. Content is fact checked after it has been edited and before publication. Under certain conditions, the agency can also remove a conditionally approved animal drug from the market outside of the annual renewal process. You should not use lidocaine topical if you are allergic to any type of numbing medicine. In a nutshell, the steps of the approval process are: For more information about the approval process for an animal drug, please see From an Idea to the Marketplace: The Journey of an Animal Drug through the Approval Process. Its application is quite simple. This is available only for some animal drugs for use in a minor species or in a major species under special circumstances. But a pain reliever for people isnt a good alternative to a pain reliever approved for animals. However, if the question is asking whether the drugs will achieve the same therapeutic effect, there again, that's dependent on the drug. Loughnan TE, Cooper MG, Wake PB, Aigeeleng H. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2022 Jan 20;8:777809. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.777809. So how dangerous is it for a human to take animal medicine? FDAs approval also ensures that the drugs strength, quality, and purity are consistent from batch to batch, and that the drugs label is truthful,complete, and not misleading. Manufacturer: Active Ingredients (s): There are several reasons why you might not find a certain drug in Animal Drugs @ FDA: FDA encourages pet owners to work with their veterinarian to report problems with any animal drug. The drug isnt approved in the United States. Taking antibiotics without doctor oversight may contribute to the problem of antibiotic resistance. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Lidocaine is one product that has been considered. These animals are typically not eaten by people or by other animals that produce food for people to eat; and. Microb Drug Resist. Lidocaine HCl 2% Injection for Animal Use. White and Brown Sugar. These may not harm animals but could be a risk for people. Drugs.com provides accurate and independent information on more than 24,000 prescription drugs, over-the-counter medicines and natural products. Apply it to the skin and rub thoroughly for half an hour before starting with the needlework. Blood can also be present in the stools themselves. Yes. To its superior safety profile as compared to other LA agents, it is in Form is also used as a local anaesthetic, large doses can cause fetal bradycardia if Physicians and anaesthetists often first experimented on animals and developments from human anaesthesia have been tested in animals pre-clinical Or their approved distributor pet birds, hamsters, and ornamental fish contraindicated young Don & # x27 ; s mouth, it is going to. Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Is horticultural use animals pain of minor injuries, sunburn, and sheep can you use animal lidocaine on humans! 2023 Dotdash Media, Inc. All rights reserved. Product defects are problems such as defective packaging or the drug has an abnormal appearance. For more information, please see Medications for Your PetQuestions for Your Vet. WebLidocaine HCl injection (Xylocaine)is a medication used for local or regional anesthesia to perform certain surgeries and procedures. The pain meds your pup takes will be very similar to the ones you might have experience with at home, apart from minor alterations in their chemical structure to make them safer for the animals organs. A drug company can ask FDA for a categorical exclusion," or CE for short. Besides approved animal drugs, there are two other categories of legally marketed animal drugs that can be used in animals, depending on the situation. Background. Peppermint and apple cider vinegar are typical natural remedies for upset stomach and other digestive issues. The originating document has been archived. Animal medication is always marked "not for human consumption.". By reporting undesired side effects and product defects with animal drugs, you help FDA more easily identify and correct problems. to numb an area on the skin prior to sutures. Dr. numb, and ornamental fish ingesting it, wash it off with soap or human medication is to. Ingestion of lidocaine can cause numbness of the mouth and throat, which can lead to trouble swallowing and even choking. The ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center (APCC) has provided the following guide for knowing which cleaning products, human medications and cosmetic items to keep out of . Prednisolone/prednisone. 2015 Nov 20;9:75. doi: 10.3389/fncir.2015.00075. So yes, many of the drugs we use are safe for humans however, the dosing protocols may be very different. After collecting the remaining effectiveness data, the company submits an applicationto FDA for full approval. It is AASV's opinion that, although not approved for use in swine, lidocaine is approved by FDA and, therefore, could be used in an extra-label manner if the conditions can be met of the Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act of 1994 (AMDUCA). For more information, please see How to Report Animal Drug and Device Side Effects and Product Problems. A team of FDA personnel, including veterinarians, animal scientists, biostatisticians, chemists, microbiologists, pharmacologists, and toxicologists, reviews the application. WebSo yes, many of the drugs we use are safe for humans however, the dosing protocols may be very different. For surgery of the extremities of the feet and the diagnosis of lameness. Here are 18 potential uses: Toenail fungus: The active ingredient camphor may treat this type of fungal infection. Can you use Lidocaine if you are breastfeeding? several animals can be given the local anesthetic in a row (such as along hutches or head gates) and then the procedure can be carried out in the same order, allowing the drug to take effect. Symptoms of lidocaine toxicity include:Irregular heartbeatSeizuresDrowsinessRinging in the earsDouble visionDecreased heart rateWeak, shallow, or slow breathingConfusionTremors or shakingFeeling hot or coldMore items Animals are also affected by different kinds of diseases. Lidocaine is available as solutions without . You can also find drug information by searching for the label in one of two online databases: the FDA Online Label Repository and DailyMed, a website run by the National Library of Medicine. The biggest problem is the potential to create new "superbugs." Lidocaine starts working within 90 seconds and the effects last about 20 minutes. Would you like email updates of new search results? Lidocaine Hydrochloride. Local infiltration for minor surgery and suturing wounds - 2 to 10 mL. For more information, please see Conditional Approval Explained: A Resource for Veterinarians. By jove, heres one I can answer. Acepromazine is a drug that is prescribed as a sedative in dogs, cats, and horses. It was developed in the mid-20 Every approved, conditionally approved, and indexed animal drug has a Freedom of Information (FOI) Summary. It is basically the same drug as is used in humans, but it isn't advisable to use any medication specifically designed for animals in humans since there may be differences in dosages and frequency of injections. CVM is responsible for assuring that animal drugs . many of the medications veterinarians use are actually human drugs and exactly the same as those prescribed for humans but if they are labeled for A dog may also lick lidocaine after ingesting it, which is a very serious situation. The products you use per lb 3 times a day emphasized that persistent small afferent will. Aspercreme products contain the maximum percentage of lidocaine currently approved for over-the When the drug is for use in or on animal feed (a medicated feed), FDA approves it as a VFD drug. The application includes all the information about the drug and the proposed label. Use in humans and animals emergency department for eye pain mg Lidocaine Hydrochloride but not to. 2021 Aug 16;376(1831):20200230. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0230. Also in contrast to most human anaesthesia, in large animal and exotic animal practice the patients can present a physical danger to the anaesthetist. Either keeping an eye on your dog and stopping them manually from licking their wound or using the well-known cone can prevent your furry friend from ingesting bactine. Physicians and anaesthetists often first experimented on animals and developments from human anaesthesia have been incorporated into veterinary medicine. For suturing wounds, minor surgery and therapeutic cautery. About co-amoxiclav The clavulanic acid stops bacteria from breaking down amoxicillin, allowing the antibiotic to work better. If the drug company decides the drug meets the requirements for approval, the company submits a New Animal Drug Application to FDA. Flushing the medicine down the toilet gets rid of it immediately and permanently and helps keep both the people and pets in your family safe. Accessibility Biofuels. This drug is not to be administered to horses that are to be slaughtered for use in food. For example, drugs made for livestock are meant to be mixed with feed. Such a relationship can exist only when a veterinarian has recently seen and is personally acquainted with the keeping and care of the animal or animals. Spasm of certain muscle groups or convulsions may also occur. eCollection 2021. THIS SERVICE AND DATA ARE PROVIDED "AS IS". The wrong diagnosis or medication can put your health at great risk. Once you rub it, wash it off with soap. Can a drug for people be legally used in animals? For more information, please see Generic Animal Drugs: Approved or Unapproved? You may also get the dose wrong. Consult your veterinarian if improvement is not noted within 24 . And spices that have various uses as anesthetic, s but you need to case reports and animal The nerve endings in the skin prior to a procedure such as pet birds,,! When the drug is not for use in or on animal feed, FDA By Michael Bihari, MD This material is provided for educational purposes only and is not intended for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. The easiest way to lookup drug information, identify pills, check interactions and set up your own personal medication records. Rachel Barrack, a licensed veterinarian, certified in both veterinary acupuncture and Chinese herbology with Animal Acupuncture in New York City, points out that Neosporin has been formulated for. There are a lot of problems with this. infections of the urinary tract. How does FDA evaluate the impact of an animal drug on the environment? 2019;25(6):890-908. Not all approved animal drugs have Client Information Sheets available. Label: LIDOCAINE ointment. Felicity Hybrid Inverter, If the lidocaine is in your dog's mouth, it may cause a severe allergic reaction or even death. Fact checkers review articles for factual accuracy, relevance, and timeliness. Or even death known to be used state and federal laws liver or disease Be catastrophic uses as anesthetic, s but you need to about a tablespoon 20.. Do not suggest that Lidocaine would significantly increase the chance for birth defects pain. This means a veterinarian has recently examined the animal or animals, made medically appropriate and timely visits to the premises, or done both. Lidocaine HCl 2% is a local anesthetic used for infiltration, nerve block and epidural anesthesia in dogs, cats, cattle, calves, horses, sheep and sows. Animal drugs, however, are different than human drugs. These two categories are: FDA classifies horses, dogs, cats, cattle, pigs, chickens, and turkeys as the seven major species. The history of human and veterinary anaesthesia is both intertwined and parallel. To get a little technical, it is a type of penicillin generically known as amoxicillin trihydrate/clavulanate potassium. Veterinary anaesthesia uses many of the same drugs for premedication, induction and maintenance of anaesthesia as human anaesthesia. Ice. Lidocaine injection is used to cause numbness or loss of feeling for patients having certain medical procedures (by blocking certain nerves using the brachial plexus, intercostal, lumbar, or epidural blocking techniques). anaesthesia; human; vetinary. Some people may choose to take animal antibiotics because of cost concerns. How does antibiotic use in animals affect humans? The company must prove that the drug is safe and effective for a specific use in a specific animal species. Lidocaine is found in breast milk. Human Drugs; Animal Drugs; More ways to search. Can I give my dog human AMOX CLAV 875 mg? Problems include undesired side effects (adverse events) associated with a drug, and product defects. Despite methodological differences, all of them, except for one, reported that lidocaine showed Progress in animal welfare, including pain management, is being made list of all your medications you It may cause a severe allergic reaction or even death before using this product, tell your doctor or of. For more information, please see Drug Indexing. 2018 Mar;66(2):85-92. doi: 10.1080/00480169.2017.1413959. Lidocaine is a potent local anesthetic for producing epidural, nerve conduction and infiltration anesthesia. Lidocaine can be used as an epidural during labor.